ABSTRACT. The evaluation of the carcass composition of livestock generates relevant information on the quality and final yield of the meat products. The objective of this work was to evaluate correlations the ultrasound measurements in vivo of the Longissimus lumborum with the physical-chemical components of one-year-old Santa Ines sheep bred in extensive systems. The ultrasound evaluation was performed of the rib eye area (USrea), loin depth (USld), loin width (USlw) and subcutaneous fat thickness (USsft). After slaughter, meat cuts were weighed and carcass yield was calculated. The 12th rib on the left side was separated from the carcass and dissected, after which individual bones, muscles and fat were separated and weighed. The components were regrouped, ground and collected for centesimal evaluation. Significant positive correlations (p < 0.05) were found between the ultrasound measurements and meat metrics, except for the loin length, which had low correlation. Significant correlations (p < 0.05) were found between muscles and the measurements of USld, USrea and USsft. The correlations (p < 0.05) between the bones and USld and USrea were negative and significant. USsft presented correlation (p < 0.05) with carcass yield. Thus, the ultrasound measurements associated with the Longissimus lumborum could constitute a valuable tool for evaluating the physical-chemical components and carcass of one-year-old Santa Inês sheep created in extensive systems.

resumo: Neste trabalho, diferentes amostras de cinza volante (CV-A e CV-B) classificadas como tipo F foram usadas para a produção dos AAM. A amostra CV-A apresentou uma maior concentração de Fe2O3 (6,1%) em comparação a amostra CV-B (3,8%). A razão SiO2/Al2O3 foi de 3,52 e 3,34 para as amostras CV- A e CV-B, respectivamente. O tamanho médio das partículas (D50) foi de 19,7 µm (CV-A) e 30,8 µm (CV-B), enquanto a massa específica foram 2,38 e 2,21 g/cm3, respectivamente. A resistência mecânica das amostras produzidas com a CV-A foi de 80 MPa enquanto valores próximos de 44 MPa foram obtidos com a CV-B. Essa variação foi relacionada com os diferentes tamanhos médios das partículas da cinza. A diminuição da resistência foi relacionada com o álcali em excesso no sistema. Pequenas variações nos valores de porosidade e densidade foram observadas nas amostras produzidas.

abstract: In this work, different samples of fly ash (FA-A and FA-B) classified as type F as used to produce the AAM samples. The FA-A presented a higher Fe2O3 content than FA-B, 6.1 to 3.8 wt.%, and a slightly higher SiO2/Al2O3 ratio of 3.52 in comparison to 3.34 of FA-B. The average particle size (D50) of fly ash A was 19.7 µm and of fly ash B 30.8 µm, while the specific mass of the ashes A and B were 2.38 and 2.21 g/cm3, respectively. The results revealed that the mechanical strength of the AAM produced with fly ash A was higher than fly ash B, close to 80 and 44 MPa, respectively. The variation of the strength has been attributed to the different SiO2/Al2O3 ratios and different particle sizes. The mechanical strength decreased with increasing curing time, which is attributed to excess alkali in the system. Only very small differences in porosity and density have been found.

The geopolymer binder is a relatively new class of inorganic binding material of elevated mechanical strength and good chemical properties. This can be produced using clay minerals or byproducts of the industrial processes, such as metakaolin, fly-ash and blast furnace slag. In this work, geopolymers were produced by alkaline activation of a Brazilian fly-ash with simple and compound solutions (NaOH and NaOH + Na2SiO3). The hardened specimens presented values of the mechanical strength close to 48 MPa when the activator used presented SiO2/Na2O ration close to 1.0 after 24 h of curing at 65 ºC. The increase of the temperature to 90 ºC favored the reactions of the N-A-S-H gel (geopolymer) formation and compression strength increased to values close to 90 MPa after 24 h. It has been found that physical properties, such as density and porosity, varied when different SiO2/Na2O rations was present in alkaline solutions. Time, temperature of curing and particle size of fly-ash modified the mechanical and physical proprieties of hardened inorganic binder. Was observed the diffraction phases related to zeolitic phases and carbonate new bands of absorption were related to reactions of Na2O in excess with atmospheric CO2. The variation of SiO2/Na2O modified the microstructural of the hardened specimens.

Com o presente trabalho tem-se por objetivo geral mensurar os valores da base e do risco de base da atividade cafeeira de importantes cidades produtoras de café localizadas no Estados de Minas Gerais e São Paulo, pois a estratégia de se utilizar os mercados derivativos vem ganhando cada vez mais importância, devido às suas características, que propiciam o feitio de ''hedge'' de preços. Os municípios estudados foram Boa Esperança, Caratinga, Lavras, Machado, Patrocínio, Três Pontas, Varginha e Garça (SP). Os dados primários utilizados sobre o preço da saca de café comercializada no mercado local foram coletados diretamente nas instituições participantes, e o preço do café no mercado futuro foi levantando junto à BM&F. A diversidade dos valores da base e do risco de base encontrada demonstra que cada localidade apresenta características próprias de comercialização, e todas as localidades apresentam valores negativos. A época de comercialização é um importante fator a ser levado em consideração, pois na safra há um fortalecimento da base e o risco de base é menor do que na entressafra, que apresenta um enfraquecimento da base.

The general objective of this assignment is to measure the value of the basis and of the risk of basis of the cultivation of coffee in important coffee producer cities from the states of Minas Gerais and São Paulo, for the strategy of using the derivative markets has been obtaining more importance due to its characteristics that provide the hedge of the prices. The cities studied were Boa Esperança, Caratinga, Lavras, Machado, Patrocínio, Três Pontas, Varginha and Garça (SP). The primary data used was, the local price of the coffee bag. The data was collected directly from the participant institutions and the future price of the coffe was raised with the BM&F. The variety of the values of the basis and of the risk of basis found shows that each locality presents its own commerce characteristics and all of them present negative values. The period of commercialization is an important issue and so should be considered, because during the crop havest there is a strengthening of the basis, altrough and the risk of basis is lower than it is between the crop havests, when there is a weakening of the basis.